PEMS (Predictive Emission Monitoring Systems)

PEMS have been developed for internal combustion engines and gas turbines using ''first principles'' and PEMS for boilers, internal combustion engines and gas turbines have been devloped using data driven artificial neural network (ANN). The models have been tested on measurements conducted by Weel & Sandvig on sites located in Denmark and in the Middle East. For gas turbines, both ''first principles'' and data driven models have performed excellent. Data driven models for boilers and gas engines have perfomed excellent as well. First principle model for gas engines did not perform as well. A more complex model formulation might be required. (Energy 11)