Thermal conversion of biomass and waste

Sub Project 1: Emissions from straw-firing on grate. Purpose: The overall purpose of the sub project is ao. to address the following questions: 1) What conditions causes the diviations in previous SO2 measurements on straw-fired boilers, and how should SO2 measurements be performed in the future? 2) How are the content of inorganic metals in the straw, the process conditions and the SO2 and HC1 emissions related? 3) Is it possible to increase the fixation of SO2 and HC1 in the ash simultaneously, or will a low SO2 emission cause a high HC1 emission and vice versa? 4) Is there a connection between the 'age' of the straw (from the time of harvest) and the emissions? 5)is there any relation between the ash chemistry and NOx emissions? Content: The project consists of the following parts. 1) Systematic literature survey in order to map international experiences on emissions from plants fired with annual crops. 2) Systemization of Danish experiences on straw-firing on grates. 3) Development of working hypotheses for the observations. 4) Planning of an experiemental measuring programme including full-scall measurements as well as experiements in the laboratory, in order to optimize the fixation of sulfur in the ash. 5) Full-scale measurements. 6) Lab-scale experiments. Sub Project 2: Deposit formation during combustion of straw and biomass. The purpose of this part of the project is to initiate a mapping of the chemical environment causing formation of salt and silicate species of volatile elements like K Zn, and Pb during waste incineration, and to find causes of corrosion in the colder parts of straw-fired boilers. This purpose is fulfilled by a combination of full-scale measurements, lab-scale experiments and theoretical considerations