Electricity demand and frequency controlled reserve - implementation and practical demonstration
The project is a contribution to the national strategy evolving a dynamic and flexible electrical system with wind as the energy source. The key to the future exploiting of excess energy, is to develop a technology, were the electricity consumption itself will be used as a frequent controlled reserve (DFR). This technology will be a strong alternative to the expensive regulation kraft. The technological demonstration site will be the system operator Østkraft on Bornholm.
Active control of electricity demand is a key technology when creating a more dynamic, wind power friendly energy system. This demonstration project is about using electricity demand as fast reserves. This is an alternative to some of the most expensive reserves in the current electricity system. The project focusses on investigating the appropriate use of demands as frequency reserve (DFR) with strong focus on hardware development and demonstration in a practical power system based on our previous research. The project will include 11 work packages, including hardware design and development, laboratory test, and practical demonstration, data analysis etc. The power system at Bornholm Island is chosen to host the demonstration, and the local systsem operator Østkraft has committed their full support. The DFR technology makes use of available non-essential demands such as electric heating to provide fast, economic and smooth activated reserves to power systems so that the security of supply can be effectively improved. Furthermore, the DFR technology will contribute to system security by facilitating flexible operations such as intentional islanding conditions of the distribution grids, and providing other ancillary services, such as aiding 'black start' and improving system stability
The project is based upon active control of electricity demand as function of grid frequency. Data have been collected from domestic households and industrial loads covering i.e. circulation pumps, electrical domestic heating, bottle coolers, a wastewater treatment plant etc. A special electronic device, referred to as the “SmartBox”, has been developed doing the project. The SmartBox has the ability to control a connected load by either on/off (shutting down the mains for the appliance) or by altering the temperature set-point digitally for a thermostat. The box measure all relevant data from the attached demand and sends the data by mobile network to a central server. The SmartBox is configurable from a website where it is possible to i.e.: upload new firmware for the devices, configure of various parameters and access measurement data.
The practical demonstration has included data from about:
- 50 pcs. Carlsberg Vestfrost bottle coolers (control by thermostat)
- 20 pcs. Danfoss DEVI electrical domestic heating (control by thermostat)
- 20 pcs. Bornholm Forsyning water purifying plant (control by SCADA)
- 30 pcs. various on/off controlling circulation pumps, dehumidifiers, freezers, heaters etc.
Basically all tests has shown, that it is possible the postpone electricity demands as a function of frequency and thereby help maintaining the system balance. The flexibility depends on the size of the actual consumption and its capacity. By the capacity means the interaction of factors as: how fast the demand reacts, the probability that it reacts and the timespan of the possible reaction.
Key figures
Category
Dokumenter
Participants
| Partner | Subsidy | Auto financing |
|---|---|---|
| Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU) | 3,91 mio. DKK | 1,14 mio. DKK |
| EA ENERGIANALYSE A/S | 0,73 mio. DKK | 0,20 mio. DKK |
| Danfoss A/S | 0,13 mio. DKK | 0,12 mio. DKK |
| A/S VESTFROST | 0,09 mio. DKK | 0,09 mio. DKK |
| Østkraft Holding A/S | 0,16 mio. DKK | 0,15 mio. DKK |
Contact
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet. Institut for Elektroteknologi (DTU Elektro). CET Center for Elteknologi
Elektrovej, Bygn. 325
DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
www.dtu.dk/centre/cet.aspx
Østergaard, Jacob , 45253501, joe@elektro.dtu.dk
Øvr. Partnere: Ea Energianalyse A/S; Danfoss A/S; Vestfrost A/S; Østkraft A/S
